《2018年雅思写作母题库》
一级重点话题：
教育类话题: 教育的对象/阶段，教育的方式，教育的目的
人际关系类话题(家庭生活/未成年的保护/性别平等/老龄化问题等)
科技与发明类话题: the Internet/social mediawebsites/telecommunications
媒体与广告类话题: news report/advertisings/mediacoverage of…
城市问题类话题(基础设施建设/城市规划布局/贫富差距类问题等)
文化类话题(旅游/语言/全球化类问题等)
环境类话题(生态环境/自然资源/动植物保护/污染类问题等)
社会安稳与犯罪类话题: 社会福利体系的建立(教育+医疗+就业等)
二级重点话题：
职业发展与生活方式类话题
时尚与购物类话题
饮食与健康话题
艺术与体育类话题
抽象类话题
议论文及说明文中的SOLUTION题型
议论文：
Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?
the best way极端不成立法则
solution题型
考官范文
首段：
There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.
驳论段：
While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented and that would have a huge effect on these problems.
be (more) likely to do sth = tend do
be less likely to do sth
be unlikely to do sth
结构句式：
While it is undeniable that ..., ... is/are unlikely to alleviate the situation for long. 尽管...肯定起到作用，但是...不太可能长期缓解这一局势。...But there are various other measures that couldbe implemented and that would have a huge effect on these problems. 平行对称句式
be implemented被执行
立论段：
I think to tackle the problem of pollution cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.
However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving cars for long journeys. 具象思维
结尾段：
In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.
说明文：
Mass car ownership in many cities has become a concern to many people. How should we change the situation if you think it leads to undesirable consequences?
solution题型
首段：
Mass car ownership clearly has a number of undesirable consequences for people's health and fitness as well as for the environment and community life generally.
（问题影响到的方面）具象思维
Nevertheless, owning a car is still seen as a desirable option to many.
Although this trend might seem irreversible so far, there is much that can and should be done to discourage unnecessary caruse.
= This essay will offer some possible solutions to the problem.
解决方案一：
One possible approach is to make cars expensive to own and use, for example, by taxing them at the point of purchase or annually through a road tax.
Certain types of car use, for instance, short journeys within already congested cities, can also be discouraged through road pricing strategies.
However, these punitive measures alone are unlikely to have a major impact unless alternative means of transport are available.
解决方案二：
A more effective method that governments could take in busy cities is to encourage the use of public transport.
This means that transport options have to be plentiful, convenient and reliable and people need to be able to afford them.
Besides, governments should run campaigns to encourage people to be less dependent on their cars.
解决方案三：
A more environmentally sound option is to create a network of cycle lanes and other facilities for cyclists, such as safe weather-proof shelters for parking bicycles.
This has the additional advantage of encouraging people to keep fit while allowing them the flexibility of autonomous travel.
Cities in the Netherlands, which have relatively high rates of cycling, have shown how this can work.
结尾段：
To sum up, the trend towards rising car ownership and use needs to be changed. People should be encouraged to use other means of transport and investment in practical alternatives is what is needed above all.
