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  • 公益课| 议论文solution类题型
  • 2023-05-10 14:56:27
  • 2018年雅思写作母题库》

    一级重点话题:

    教育类话题: 教育的对象/阶段,教育的方式,教育的目的

    人际关系类话题(家庭生活/未成年的保护/性别平等/老龄化问题等)

    科技与发明类话题: the Internet/social media websites/telecommunications

    媒体与广告类话题: news report/advertisings/media coverage of…

    城市问题类话题(基础设施建设/城市规划布局/贫富差距类问题)

    文化类话题(旅游/语言/全球化类问题等)

    环境类话题(生态环境/自然资源/动植物保护/污染类问题等)

    社会安稳与犯罪类话题: 社会福利体系的建立(医疗+教育+就业等)

    二重点话题:

    职业发展与生活方式类话题

    时尚与购物类话题

    饮食与健康话题

    艺术与体育类话题

    抽象类话题

     

    Task1 A&G类是无序出题,无法根据前后场次的考试推测考题,必须完整复习。

     

    Task2作文评分标准:

    information 写作内容的客观性和准确度论证的充分 1/4

    logic 文章、段落以及句子之间逻辑结构 1/4

    language 语言的准确度和多样性1/2(单词+语法)

     

    Task2 260-270words 15-20sentences                            

    40mins(10分钟完成审题和第一段写作+20分钟完整主体段和结尾段写作+5分钟检查)

     

    (一)

    Some people think that scientific research should be controlled and carried out by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

     

    Solution类题型 How to do something?/ How to solve a problem?

     

    话题范围:科技

    讨论对象:scientific research, the government, private companies

    具象化思维:scientific research

    极端不成立法则:避免仅仅考虑the governmentprivate companies其中的一方

     

    首段:

    How to carry out scientific research more efficiently has been a major concern to many governments in the world. While some people assert that it should only be controlled and conducted by the authorities, others might argue that private-owned companies should have a role to play. This essay will analyze both sides of the argument.

     

    主体段是中立结构

    主体段一:

    People claim that it is necessary and important for the government to control scientific research.

    Some research is in the national interests and并列谓语 involves highly classified information, such as research into nuclear technology and military development具象思维, so of course it should only be carried out by the government.

     

    主体段二:

    Others argue thatthere are reasons for private companies to participate in scientific research. 


    Some research conducted in corporate labs responds more quickly to market needs: research into medicine and cosmetics具象思维,for example, which is not always a governmental priority.


    Private-owned institutes have certain advantages infinancing scientific research and并列句their profit motive tends to result in a more efficient allocation of resources.

    conduct v. 开展一项活动,从事某事

    a more efficient allocation of resources 更加有效的资源配置

     

    结尾段:

    Overall, I think that both the government and the private sector should be actively involved in scientific research and并列句more encouragement should be given to the cooperation and coordination between different research institutes including state-owned research organizations, universities and corporate labs etc. to accelerate the development of technology so as to benefit human life on a larger scale.

     

    (二)

    Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree?


    Increasing the price of petrol动名词

    the best way极端不成立法则

     

    solution题型

     

    Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?

    剑桥8Test3

    写作任务同上

     

    第一段:开门见山直接引出讨论,即日益增长的交通及带来的污染问题已经成了较严重的问题,同时表明观点,即仅仅增加汽油的价格是无法解决问题的。

    第二段:让步,指出私家车的使用虽然是问题的关键,但随即表明增加汽油的价格会同时影响到公共交通,所以不是最佳解决方案,并且引出下文。驳论段

    第三段:提出清洁能源的使用是有效的解决方案。立论段一

    第四段:更进一步表明增加公共交通工具的选择是更有效的方法。立论段二

    第五段:总结文章讨论:长期有效地解决交通及污染问题关键在于鼓励人们要多使用公共交通工具,并呼吁政府加大对公交系统的建设。

     

    Task2 写作有一种更为灵活的题型:综合类题型。综合类题型的提问方式往往既有议论(Augmentation), 又有说明(Report), 所以具备议论文和说明文的双重特性,从而显得相对灵活。

    写好综合类题目的关键在于掌握前两种题型,确定其文章结构的方法是用题目中带来议论特征的问题来统一另外一个问题,即根据议论的提问来确定文章的写作逻辑结构。

     

    考官范文:

    首段:

    There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.

     

    主体段是有选择、有侧重逻辑结构:

    驳论段:

    While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic andpollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented and that would have a huge effect on these problems.

    be (more) likely to dosth = tend do

    be less likely to dosth

    be unlikely to do sth

     

    结构句式:

    While it is undeniable that ...,... is/are unlikely to alleviate the situation for long. 尽管...肯定起到作用,但是...不太可能长期缓解这一局势。...But there are various other measures that could be implemented and that would have a huge effect on these problems.平行对称句式

    be implemented被执行

     

    立论段:

    I think to tackle the problem of pollution cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travellers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.

     

    However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving  cars for long journeys. 具象思维

     

    结尾段:

    In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the publicto use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.


    请铭记:写作内容决定文章结构!